Bitwise operators in C++

The provided C++ code demonstrates the use of various bitwise operators.

Code

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

/**
 * Demonstrates the use of bitwise operators in C++.
 *
 * Bitwise operators used:
 * - & (AND)
 * - | (OR)
 * - ^ (XOR)
 * - ~ (NOT)
 * - << (LEFT SHIFT)
 * - >> (RIGHT SHIFT)
 *
 * The program performs bitwise operations on two integers and prints the results.
 *
 * @return int Exit status of the program.
 */
int main() {
    int i = 15; // First integer
    int j = 22; // Second integer

    // Perform bitwise AND operation and print the result
    cout << (i & j) << endl; // Expected output: 6

    // Perform bitwise OR operation and print the result
    cout << (i | j) << endl; // Expected output: 31

    // Perform bitwise XOR operation and print the result
    cout << (i ^ j) << endl; // Expected output: 25

    // Perform bitwise NOT operation on the first integer and print the result
    cout << (~i) << endl; // Expected output: -16

    // Perform left shift operation on the first integer and print the result
    cout << (i << 2) << endl; // Expected output: 60

    // Perform right shift operation on the second integer and print the result
    cout << (j >> 2) << endl; // Expected output: 5

    return 0;
}

Explanation

The provided C++ code demonstrates the use of various bitwise operators. The program begins by including the necessary header file iostream and using the std namespace to simplify the code.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

The main function initializes two integer variables, i and j, with the values 15 and 22, respectively.

int i = 15; // First integer
int j = 22; // Second integer

The program then performs several bitwise operations on these integers and prints the results using cout.

- ***Bitwise AND (&)*** : This operation compares each bit of i and j and returns a new integer where each bit is set to 1 only if both corresponding bits of i and j are 1. The result of i & j is 6.

cout << (i & j) << endl; // Expected output: 6

- ***Bitwise OR (|)*** : This operation compares each bit of i and j and returns a new integer where each bit is set to 1 if at least one of the corresponding bits of i or j is 1. The result of i | j is 31.

cout << (i | j) << endl; // Expected output: 31

- ***Bitwise XOR (^)*** : This operation compares each bit of i and j and returns a new integer where each bit is set to 1 if only one of the corresponding bits of i or j is 1. The result of i ^ j is 25.

cout << (i ^ j) << endl; // Expected output: 25

- ***Bitwise NOT (~)*** : This operation inverts all the bits of i, turning 1s into 0s and vice versa. The result of ~i is -16.

cout << (~i) << endl; // Expected output: -16

- ***Left Shift (<<)*** : This operation shifts the bits of i to the left by 2 positions, effectively multiplying i by 2^2 (or 4). The result of i << 2 is 60.

cout << (i << 2) << endl; // Expected output: 60

- ***Right Shift (>>)*** : This operation shifts the bits of j to the right by 2 positions, effectively dividing j by 2^2 (or 4). The result of j >> 2 is 5.

cout << (j >> 2) << endl; // Expected output: 5

Finally, the main function returns 0, indicating that the program has executed successfully.

return 0;

This code provides a clear and concise demonstration of how bitwise operators work in C++, making it a useful reference for developers looking to understand these operations.

Output

6
31
25
-16
60
5

Process finished with exit code 0