Desktop Environments on AlmaLinux 9

• 1: How to Install and Use GNOME Desktop Environment on AlmaLinux
• 2: How to Configure VNC Server on AlmaLinux
• 3: How to Configure Xrdp Server on AlmaLinux
• 4: How to Set Up VNC Client noVNC on AlmaLinux

1 - How to Install and Use GNOME Desktop Environment on AlmaLinux

The GNOME Desktop Environment is one of the most popular graphical interfaces for Linux users, offering a modern and user-friendly experience. Known for its sleek design and intuitive navigation, GNOME provides a powerful environment for both beginners and advanced users. If you’re using AlmaLinux, a robust enterprise-grade Linux distribution, installing GNOME can enhance your productivity and make your system more accessible.

This detailed guide walks you through installing and using the GNOME Desktop Environment on AlmaLinux.

Why Choose GNOME for AlmaLinux?

GNOME is a versatile desktop environment with several benefits:

1. User-Friendly Interface: Designed with simplicity in mind, GNOME is easy to navigate.
2. Highly Customizable: Offers extensions and themes to tailor the environment to your needs.
3. Wide Support: GNOME is supported by most Linux distributions and has a large community for troubleshooting and support.
4. Seamless Integration: Works well with enterprise Linux systems like AlmaLinux.

Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you meet the following requirements:

1. AlmaLinux Installed: A fresh installation of AlmaLinux with administrative privileges.
2. Access to Terminal: Familiarity with basic command-line operations.
3. Stable Internet Connection: Required to download GNOME packages.

Step 1: Update Your AlmaLinux System

Before installing GNOME, update your system to ensure all packages and dependencies are up to date. Run the following command:

sudo dnf update -y

This command updates the package repository and installs the latest versions of installed packages.

Step 2: Install GNOME Packages

AlmaLinux provides the GNOME desktop environment in its default repositories. You can choose between two main GNOME versions:

1. GNOME Standard: The full GNOME environment with all its features.
2. GNOME Minimal: A lightweight version with fewer applications.

Install GNOME Standard

To install the complete GNOME Desktop Environment, run:

sudo dnf groupinstall "Server with GUI"

Install GNOME Minimal

For a lightweight installation, use the following command:

sudo dnf groupinstall "Workstation"

Both commands will download and install the necessary GNOME packages, including dependencies.

Step 3: Enable the Graphical Target

AlmaLinux operates in a non-graphical (multi-user) mode by default. To use GNOME, you need to enable the graphical target.

Set the Graphical Target

Run the following command to change the default system target to graphical:

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

Reboot into Graphical Mode

Restart your system to boot into the GNOME desktop environment:

sudo reboot

After rebooting, your system should load into the GNOME login screen.

Step 4: Start GNOME Desktop Environment

When the system reboots, you’ll see the GNOME Display Manager (GDM). Follow these steps to log in:

1. Select Your User: Click on your username from the list.
2. Enter Your Password: Type your password and press Enter.
3. Choose GNOME Session (Optional): If you have multiple desktop environments installed, click the gear icon at the bottom right of the login screen and select GNOME.

Once logged in, you’ll be greeted by the GNOME desktop environment.

Step 5: Customizing GNOME

GNOME is highly customizable, allowing you to tailor it to your preferences. Below are some tips for customizing and using GNOME on AlmaLinux.

Install GNOME Tweaks

GNOME Tweaks is a powerful tool for customizing the desktop environment. Install it using:

sudo dnf install -y gnome-tweaks

Launch GNOME Tweaks from the application menu to adjust settings like:

• Fonts and themes.
• Window behavior.
• Top bar and system tray options.

Install GNOME Extensions

GNOME Extensions add functionality and features to the desktop environment. To manage extensions:

1. Install the Browser Extension: Open a browser and visit the GNOME Extensions website. Follow the instructions to install the browser integration.

2. Install GNOME Shell Integration Tool: Run the following command:

   sudo dnf install -y gnome-shell-extension-prefs
   

3. Activate Extensions: Browse and activate extensions directly from the GNOME Extensions website or the GNOME Shell Extension tool.

Step 6: Basic GNOME Navigation

GNOME has a unique workflow that may differ from other desktop environments. Here’s a quick overview:

Activities Overview

• Press the Super key (Windows key) or click Activities in the top-left corner to access the Activities Overview.
• The Activities Overview displays open windows, a search bar, and a dock with frequently used applications.

Application Menu

• Access the full list of applications by clicking the Show Applications icon at the bottom of the dock.
• Use the search bar to quickly locate applications.

Workspaces

• GNOME uses dynamic workspaces to organize open windows.
• Switch between workspaces using the Activities Overview or the keyboard shortcuts:
  • Ctrl + Alt + Up/Down: Move between workspaces.

Step 7: Manage GNOME with AlmaLinux Tools

AlmaLinux provides system administration tools to help manage GNOME.

Configure Firewall for GNOME

GNOME comes with a set of network tools. Ensure the firewall allows required traffic:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dhcpv6-client
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Enable Automatic Updates

To keep GNOME and AlmaLinux updated, configure automatic updates:

sudo dnf install -y dnf-automatic
sudo systemctl enable --now dnf-automatic.timer

Step 8: Troubleshooting GNOME Installation

Here are common issues and their solutions:

1. Black Screen After Reboot:

   • Ensure the graphical target is enabled:

     sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
     

   • Verify that GDM is running:

     sudo systemctl start gdm
     

2. GNOME Extensions Not Working:

   • Ensure the gnome-shell-extension-prefs package is installed.

   • Restart GNOME Shell after enabling extensions:

     Alt + F2, then type `r` and press Enter.
     

3. Performance Issues:

   • Disable unnecessary startup applications using GNOME Tweaks.
   • Install and configure drivers for your GPU (e.g., NVIDIA or AMD).

Step 9: Optional GNOME Applications

GNOME includes a suite of applications designed for productivity. Some popular GNOME applications you might want to install:

• LibreOffice: A powerful office suite.

  sudo dnf install -y libreoffice
  

• Evolution: GNOME’s default email client.

  sudo dnf install -y evolution
  

• GIMP: An image editing tool.

  sudo dnf install -y gimp
  

• VLC Media Player: For media playback.

  sudo dnf install -y vlc
  

Conclusion

Installing and using the GNOME Desktop Environment on AlmaLinux transforms your server-focused operating system into a versatile workstation. With its intuitive interface, customization options, and extensive support, GNOME is an excellent choice for users seeking a graphical interface on a stable Linux distribution.

By following this guide, you’ve successfully installed GNOME, customized it to your liking, and learned how to navigate and use its features effectively. AlmaLinux, paired with GNOME, provides a seamless experience for both personal and professional use. Enjoy the enhanced productivity and functionality of your new desktop environment!

2 - How to Configure VNC Server on AlmaLinux

A Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server allows users to remotely access and control a graphical desktop environment on a server using a VNC client. Configuring a VNC server on AlmaLinux can make managing a server easier, especially for users more comfortable with graphical interfaces. This guide provides a detailed walkthrough for setting up and configuring a VNC server on AlmaLinux.

Why Use a VNC Server on AlmaLinux?

Using a VNC server on AlmaLinux offers several benefits:

1. Remote Accessibility: Access your server’s desktop environment from anywhere.
2. Ease of Use: Simplifies server management for users who prefer GUI over CLI.
3. Multiple User Sessions: Supports simultaneous connections for different users.
4. Secure Access: Can be secured with SSH tunneling for encrypted remote connections.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding, ensure you have the following:

1. AlmaLinux Installed: A clean installation of AlmaLinux with root or sudo access.
2. GUI Installed: GNOME or another desktop environment installed. (If not, follow the guide to install GNOME.)
3. Stable Internet Connection: Required for package downloads and remote access.
4. VNC Client: A VNC client like TigerVNC Viewer installed on your local machine for testing.

Step 1: Update the System

Start by updating your AlmaLinux system to ensure all packages are up to date:

sudo dnf update -y

This ensures you have the latest versions of the software and dependencies.

Step 2: Install the VNC Server

AlmaLinux supports the TigerVNC server, which is reliable and widely used.

Install TigerVNC Server

Run the following command to install the TigerVNC server:

sudo dnf install -y tigervnc-server

Step 3: Create a VNC User

It’s recommended to create a dedicated user for the VNC session to avoid running it as the root user.

Add a New User

Create a new user (e.g., vncuser) and set a password:

sudo adduser vncuser
sudo passwd vncuser

Assign User Permissions

Ensure the user has access to the graphical desktop environment. For GNOME, no additional configuration is usually required.

Step 4: Configure the VNC Server

Each VNC user needs a configuration file to define their VNC session.

Create a VNC Configuration File

Create a VNC configuration file for the user. Replace vncuser with your username:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

Add the following content to the file:

[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=vncuser
Group=vncuser
WorkingDirectory=/home/vncuser

ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver :1 -geometry 1280x1024 -depth 24
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• :1 specifies the display number for the VNC session (e.g., :1 means port 5901, :2 means port 5902).
• Adjust the geometry and depth parameters as needed for your screen resolution.

Save and exit the file.

Reload the Systemd Daemon

Reload the systemd configuration to recognize the new service:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Step 5: Set Up a VNC Password

Switch to the vncuser account:

sudo su - vncuser

Set a VNC password for the user by running:

vncpasswd

You’ll be prompted to enter and confirm a password. You can also set a “view-only” password if needed, but it’s optional.

Exit the vncuser account:

exit

Step 6: Start and Enable the VNC Service

Start the VNC server service:

sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1

Enable the service to start automatically on boot:

sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:1

Verify the status of the service:

sudo systemctl status vncserver@:1

Step 7: Configure the Firewall

To allow VNC connections, open the required ports in the firewall. By default, VNC uses port 5900 + display number. For display :1, the port is 5901.

Open VNC Ports

Run the following command to open port 5901:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5901/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

If you are using multiple VNC sessions, open additional ports as needed (e.g., 5902 for :2).

Step 8: Secure the Connection with SSH Tunneling

VNC connections are not encrypted by default. For secure access, use SSH tunneling.

Create an SSH Tunnel

On your local machine, establish an SSH tunnel to the server. Replace user, server_ip, and 5901 with appropriate values:

ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 user@server_ip

This command forwards the local port 5901 to the server’s port 5901 securely.

Connect via VNC Client

Open your VNC client and connect to localhost:5901. The SSH tunnel encrypts the connection, ensuring secure remote access.

Step 9: Access the VNC Server

With the VNC server configured and running, you can connect from your local machine using a VNC client:

1. Open Your VNC Client: Launch your preferred VNC client.
2. Enter the Server Address: Use <server_ip>:1 if connecting directly or localhost:1 if using SSH tunneling.
3. Authenticate: Enter the VNC password you set earlier.
4. Access the Desktop: You’ll be presented with the graphical desktop environment.

Step 10: Manage and Troubleshoot the VNC Server

Stopping the VNC Server

To stop a VNC session, use:

sudo systemctl stop vncserver@:1

Restarting the VNC Server

To restart the VNC server:

sudo systemctl restart vncserver@:1

Logs for Debugging

If you encounter issues, check the VNC server logs for details:

cat /home/vncuser/.vnc/*.log

Step 11: Optimizing the VNC Server

To improve the performance of your VNC server, consider the following:

1. Adjust Resolution: Use a lower resolution for faster performance on slower connections. Modify the -geometry setting in the service file.
2. Disable Unnecessary Effects: For GNOME, disable animations to reduce resource usage.
3. Use a Lightweight Desktop Environment: If GNOME is too resource-intensive, consider using a lightweight desktop environment like XFCE or MATE.

Conclusion

Configuring a VNC server on AlmaLinux provides a convenient way to manage your server using a graphical interface. By following this guide, you’ve installed and configured the TigerVNC server, set up user-specific VNC sessions, secured the connection with SSH tunneling, and optimized the setup for better performance.

AlmaLinux’s stability, combined with VNC’s remote desktop capabilities, creates a powerful and flexible system for remote management. Whether you’re administering a server or running graphical applications, the VNC server makes it easier to work efficiently and securely.

3 - How to Configure Xrdp Server on AlmaLinux

Xrdp is an open-source Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) server that allows users to access a graphical desktop environment on a Linux server from a remote machine using any RDP client. Configuring Xrdp on AlmaLinux provides a seamless way to manage your server with a graphical interface, making it particularly useful for those who prefer GUI over CLI or need remote desktop access for specific applications.

This blog post will guide you through the step-by-step process of installing and configuring an Xrdp server on AlmaLinux.

Why Use Xrdp on AlmaLinux?

There are several advantages to using Xrdp:

1. Cross-Platform Compatibility: Connect from any device with an RDP client, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
2. Ease of Use: Provides a graphical interface for easier server management.
3. Secure Access: Supports encryption and SSH tunneling for secure connections.
4. Efficient Resource Usage: Lightweight and faster compared to some other remote desktop solutions.

Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you have the following:

1. AlmaLinux Installed: A clean installation of AlmaLinux 8 or 9.
2. Root or Sudo Privileges: Required for installing and configuring software.
3. Desktop Environment: GNOME, XFCE, or another desktop environment must be installed on the server.

Step 1: Update Your AlmaLinux System

Start by updating your system to ensure all packages and dependencies are up-to-date:

sudo dnf update -y

Step 2: Install a Desktop Environment

If your AlmaLinux server doesn’t already have a graphical desktop environment, you need to install one. GNOME is the default choice for AlmaLinux, but you can also use lightweight environments like XFCE.

Install GNOME Desktop Environment

Run the following command to install GNOME:

sudo dnf groupinstall -y "Server with GUI"

Set the Graphical Target

Ensure the system starts in graphical mode:

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

Reboot the server to apply changes:

sudo reboot

Step 3: Install Xrdp

Xrdp is available in the EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) repository. First, enable EPEL:

sudo dnf install -y epel-release

Next, install Xrdp:

sudo dnf install -y xrdp

Verify the installation by checking the version:

xrdp --version

Step 4: Start and Enable the Xrdp Service

After installing Xrdp, start the service and enable it to run at boot:

sudo systemctl start xrdp
sudo systemctl enable xrdp

Check the status of the Xrdp service:

sudo systemctl status xrdp

If the service is running, you should see an output indicating that Xrdp is active.

Step 5: Configure Firewall Rules

To allow RDP connections to your server, open port 3389, which is the default port for Xrdp.

Open Port 3389

Run the following commands to update the firewall:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3389/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Step 6: Configure Xrdp for Your Desktop Environment

By default, Xrdp uses the Xvnc backend to connect users to the desktop environment. For a smoother experience with GNOME or XFCE, configure Xrdp to use the appropriate session.

Configure GNOME Session

Edit the Xrdp startup script for the GNOME session:

sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh

Replace the existing content with the following:

#!/bin/sh
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
exec /usr/bin/gnome-session

Save the file and exit.

Configure XFCE Session (Optional)

If you installed XFCE instead of GNOME, update the startup script:

sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh

Replace the content with:

#!/bin/sh
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
exec startxfce4

Save the file and exit.

Step 7: Secure Xrdp with SELinux

If SELinux is enabled on your system, you need to configure it to allow Xrdp connections.

Allow Xrdp with SELinux

Run the following command to allow Xrdp through SELinux:

sudo setsebool -P xrdp_connect_all_unconfined 1

If you encounter issues, check the SELinux logs for denials and create custom policies as needed.

Step 8: Test the Xrdp Connection

With Xrdp configured and running, it’s time to test the connection from a remote machine.

1. Open an RDP Client: Use any RDP client (e.g., Remote Desktop Connection on Windows, Remmina on Linux).
2. Enter the Server Address: Specify your server’s IP address or hostname, followed by the default port 3389 (e.g., 192.168.1.100:3389).
3. Authenticate: Enter the username and password of a user account on the AlmaLinux server.

Once authenticated, you should see the desktop environment.

Step 9: Optimize Xrdp Performance

For better performance, especially on slow networks, consider the following optimizations:

1. Reduce Screen Resolution: Use a lower resolution in your RDP client settings to reduce bandwidth usage.

2. Switch to a Lightweight Desktop: XFCE or MATE consumes fewer resources than GNOME, making it ideal for servers with limited resources.

3. Enable Compression: Some RDP clients allow you to enable compression for faster connections.

Step 10: Enhance Security for Xrdp

While Xrdp is functional after installation, securing the server is crucial to prevent unauthorized access.

Restrict Access by IP

Limit access to trusted IP addresses using the firewall:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family='ipv4' source address='192.168.1.0/24' port protocol='tcp' port='3389' accept"
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Replace 192.168.1.0/24 with your trusted IP range.

Use SSH Tunneling

For encrypted connections, use SSH tunneling. Run the following command on your local machine:

ssh -L 3389:localhost:3389 user@server_ip

Then connect to localhost:3389 using your RDP client.

Change the Default Port

To reduce the risk of unauthorized access, change the default port in the Xrdp configuration:

sudo nano /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini

Locate the line that specifies port=3389 and change it to another port (e.g., port=3390).

Restart Xrdp to apply the changes:

sudo systemctl restart xrdp

Troubleshooting Xrdp

Here are common issues and their solutions:

1. Black Screen After Login:

   • Ensure the desktop environment is correctly configured in /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh.
   • Check if the user has proper permissions to the graphical session.

2. Connection Refused:

   • Verify that the Xrdp service is running: sudo systemctl status xrdp.
   • Ensure port 3389 is open in the firewall.

3. Session Logs Out Immediately:

   • Check for errors in the Xrdp logs: /var/log/xrdp.log and /var/log/xrdp-sesman.log.

Conclusion

Setting up and configuring Xrdp on AlmaLinux provides a reliable way to remotely access a graphical desktop environment. By following this guide, you’ve installed Xrdp, configured it for your desktop environment, secured it with best practices, and optimized its performance.

Whether you’re managing a server, running graphical applications, or providing remote desktop access for users, Xrdp offers a flexible and efficient solution. With AlmaLinux’s stability and Xrdp’s ease of use, you’re ready to leverage the power of remote desktop connectivity.

4 - How to Set Up VNC Client noVNC on AlmaLinux

noVNC is a browser-based VNC (Virtual Network Computing) client that provides remote desktop access without requiring additional software on the client machine. By utilizing modern web technologies like HTML5 and WebSockets, noVNC allows users to connect to a VNC server directly from a web browser, making it a lightweight, platform-independent, and convenient solution for remote desktop management.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the step-by-step process of setting up noVNC on AlmaLinux, a robust and secure enterprise-grade Linux distribution.

Why Choose noVNC?

noVNC offers several advantages over traditional VNC clients:

1. Browser-Based: Eliminates the need to install standalone VNC client software.
2. Cross-Platform Compatibility: Works on any modern web browser, regardless of the operating system.
3. Lightweight: Requires minimal resources, making it ideal for resource-constrained environments.
4. Convenient for Remote Access: Provides instant access to remote desktops via a URL.

Prerequisites

Before we begin, ensure you have the following:

1. AlmaLinux Installed: A fresh or existing installation of AlmaLinux with administrative access.
2. VNC Server Configured: A working VNC server, such as TigerVNC, installed and configured on your server.
3. Root or Sudo Access: Required for software installation and configuration.
4. Stable Internet Connection: For downloading packages and accessing the noVNC client.

Step 1: Update Your AlmaLinux System

As always, start by updating your system to ensure you have the latest packages and security patches:

sudo dnf update -y

Step 2: Install Required Dependencies

noVNC requires several dependencies, including Python and web server tools, to function correctly.

Install Python and pip

Install Python 3 and pip:

sudo dnf install -y python3 python3-pip

Verify the installation:

python3 --version
pip3 --version

Install Websockify

Websockify acts as a bridge between noVNC and the VNC server, enabling the use of WebSockets. Install it using pip:

sudo pip3 install websockify

Step 3: Download and Set Up noVNC

Clone the noVNC Repository

Download the latest noVNC source code from its GitHub repository:

git clone https://github.com/novnc/noVNC.git

Move into the noVNC directory:

cd noVNC

Verify the Files

Ensure the utils directory exists, as it contains important scripts such as novnc_proxy:

ls utils/

Step 4: Configure and Start the VNC Server

Ensure that a VNC server (e.g., TigerVNC) is installed and running. If you don’t have one installed, you can install and configure TigerVNC as follows:

sudo dnf install -y tigervnc-server

Start a VNC Session

Start a VNC session for a user (e.g., vncuser):

vncserver :1

• :1 indicates display 1, which corresponds to port 5901.
• Set a VNC password when prompted.

To stop the VNC server:

vncserver -kill :1

For detailed configuration, refer to the How to Configure VNC Server on AlmaLinux guide.

Step 5: Run noVNC

Start the Websockify Proxy

To connect noVNC to the VNC server, start the Websockify proxy. Replace 5901 with the port your VNC server is running on:

./utils/novnc_proxy --vnc localhost:5901

The output will display the URL to access noVNC, typically:

http://0.0.0.0:6080

Here:

• 6080 is the default port for noVNC.
• The URL allows you to access the VNC server from any modern browser.

Test the Connection

Open a web browser and navigate to:

http://<server-ip>:6080

Replace <server-ip> with the IP address of your AlmaLinux server. Enter the VNC password when prompted to access the remote desktop.

Step 6: Set Up noVNC as a Service

To ensure noVNC runs automatically on boot, set it up as a systemd service.

Create a Service File

Create a systemd service file for noVNC:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/novnc.service

Add the following content to the file:

[Unit]
Description=noVNC Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /path/to/noVNC/utils/novnc_proxy --vnc localhost:5901
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Replace /path/to/noVNC with the path to your noVNC directory.

Reload Systemd and Start the Service

Reload the systemd daemon to recognize the new service:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Start and enable the noVNC service:

sudo systemctl start novnc
sudo systemctl enable novnc

Check the status of the service:

sudo systemctl status novnc

Step 7: Configure the Firewall

To allow access to the noVNC web client, open port 6080 in the firewall:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=6080/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Step 8: Secure noVNC with SSL

For secure access, configure noVNC to use SSL encryption.

Generate an SSL Certificate

Use OpenSSL to generate a self-signed SSL certificate:

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/novnc.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/novnc.crt

• Enter the required details when prompted.
• This generates novnc.key and novnc.crt in the specified directories.

Modify the noVNC Service

Update the noVNC service file to include SSL:

ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /path/to/noVNC/utils/novnc_proxy --vnc localhost:5901 --cert /etc/ssl/certs/novnc.crt --key /etc/ssl/private/novnc.key

Reload and restart the service:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart novnc

Test Secure Access

Access the noVNC client using https:

https://<server-ip>:6080

Step 9: Access noVNC from a Browser

1. Open the URL: Navigate to the noVNC URL displayed during setup.
2. Enter the VNC Password: Provide the password set during VNC server configuration.
3. Start the Session: Once authenticated, you’ll see the remote desktop interface.

Step 10: Troubleshooting noVNC

Common Issues and Fixes

1. Black Screen After Login:

   • Ensure the VNC server is running: vncserver :1.
   • Check if the VNC server is using the correct desktop environment.

2. Cannot Access noVNC Web Interface:

   • Verify the noVNC service is running: sudo systemctl status novnc.
   • Ensure port 6080 is open in the firewall.

3. Connection Refused:

   • Confirm that Websockify is correctly linked to the VNC server (localhost:5901).

4. SSL Errors:

   • Verify the paths to the SSL certificate and key in the service file.
   • Test SSL connectivity using a browser.

Conclusion

By setting up noVNC on AlmaLinux, you’ve enabled a powerful, browser-based solution for remote desktop access. This configuration allows you to manage your server graphically from any device without the need for additional software. With steps for securing the connection via SSL, setting up a systemd service, and optimizing performance, this guide ensures a robust and reliable noVNC deployment.

noVNC’s lightweight and platform-independent design, combined with AlmaLinux’s stability, makes this setup ideal for both personal and enterprise environments. Enjoy the convenience of managing your server from anywhere!