The use of octal, binary and hexadecimal literals in C++

This function defines three integer variables, each initialized with a different type of literal (hexadecimal, octal, binary). It then prints the values of these variables to the console.

/**
 * @file main.cpp
 * @author ibrahim
 * @date 30-06-2024
 * @brief This program demonstrates the use of octal, binary and hexadecimal literals in C++.
 */

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

/**
 * @brief The main function of the program.
 *
 * This function defines three integer variables,
 * each initialized with a different type of literal (hexadecimal, octal, binary).
 * It then prints the values of these variables to the console.
 *
 * @return int Returns 0 upon successful execution.
 */
int main() {
    int a = 0x1A; ///< @brief Integer variable 'a' initialized with a hexadecimal literal. The value of 'a' is 26.
    int b = 032; ///< @brief Integer variable 'b' initialized with an octal literal. The value of 'b' is 26.
    int c = 0b1101; ///< @brief Integer variable 'c' initialized with a binary literal. The value of 'c' is 13.

    cout << "Hexadecimal literal: " << a << endl; ///< Prints the value of 'a' to the console.
    cout << "Octal literal: " << b << endl; ///< Prints the value of 'b' to the console.
    cout << "Binary literal: " << c << endl; ///< Prints the value of 'c' to the console.

    return 0; ///< Returns 0 upon successful execution.
}

Explanation

The provided C++ code is a simple program that demonstrates the use of different types of integer literals in C++. It includes hexadecimal, octal, and binary literals.

The program begins by including the iostream library, which provides facilities for input/output operations. The using namespace std; statement is used to avoid prefixing the cout and endl with std::.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

The main function is the entry point of the program. Inside this function, three integer variables a, b, and c are declared and initialized with a hexadecimal, octal, and binary literal, respectively.

int a = 0x1A; 
int b = 032; 
int c = 0b1101;

In C++, hexadecimal literals are prefixed with 0x or 0X, octal literals are prefixed with 0, and binary literals are prefixed with 0b or 0B. The hexadecimal literal 0x1A and the octal literal 032 both represent the decimal number 26, while the binary literal 0b1101 represents the decimal number 13.

The program then uses cout to print the values of these variables to the console. The endl manipulator is used to insert a new line.

cout << "Hexadecimal literal: " << a << endl;
cout << "Octal literal: " << b << endl;
cout << "Binary literal: " << c << endl;

Finally, the main function returns 0 to indicate successful execution of the program.

return 0;

This code is a good demonstration of how different types of integer literals can be used in C++.